{
  "updated": "2026-08-17",
  "sources": [
    {
      "title": "Cortical Labs CL1",
      "kind": "Commercial platform",
      "url": "https://corticallabs.com/cl1",
      "doi": "",
      "checked": "2026-08-17",
      "related": [
        "CL1",
        "Claim: CL1 can maintain neurons for up to six months"
      ]
    },
    {
      "title": "CL1 is the world's first code-deployable biological computer",
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      "url": "https://corticallabs.com/",
      "doi": "",
      "checked": "2026-08-17",
      "related": [
        "Claim: CL1 is the world's first code-deployable biological computer"
      ]
    },
    {
      "title": "A living-neuron computer played Doom",
      "kind": "Company demonstration",
      "url": "https://corticallabs.com/doom.html",
      "doi": "",
      "checked": "2026-08-17",
      "related": [
        "Claim: A living-neuron computer played Doom"
      ]
    },
    {
      "title": "Neurorium",
      "kind": "Company demonstration",
      "url": "https://neurorium.ai/",
      "doi": "",
      "checked": "2026-08-17",
      "related": [
        "Neurorium BNN demonstrations"
      ]
    },
    {
      "title": "TBC public demo",
      "kind": "Company demonstration",
      "url": "https://www.tbc.co/demo",
      "doi": "",
      "checked": "2026-08-17",
      "related": [
        "TBC Neural Optimizer"
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    },
    {
      "title": "Advanced Science 2024",
      "kind": "Peer reviewed",
      "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10953569/",
      "doi": "",
      "checked": "2026-08-17",
      "related": [
        "Mind in Vitro platform",
        "Mind In Vitro Platforms: Versatile, Scalable, Robust, and Open Solutions for Interfacing With In Vitro Neural Networks"
      ]
    },
    {
      "title": "Cell Reports 2026",
      "kind": "Peer reviewed",
      "url": "https://www.cell.com/cell-reports/fulltext/S2211-1247(26)00062-8",
      "doi": "",
      "checked": "2026-08-17",
      "related": [
        "Goal-directed cart-pole organoids",
        "Goal-directed learning in cortical organoids",
        "Claim: Cortical organoids can improve on a goal-directed control task"
      ]
    },
    {
      "title": "Multilayered microelectrode array for monitoring electrophysiological signals of 3D neural networks in cerebral organoid",
      "kind": "Peer reviewed",
      "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41378-026-01328-8",
      "doi": "10.1038/s41378-026-01328-8",
      "checked": "2026-08-17",
      "related": [
        "Multilayered microelectrode array for monitoring electrophysiological signals of 3D neural networks in cerebral organoid"
      ]
    },
    {
      "title": "Nature Electronics 2023",
      "kind": "Peer reviewed",
      "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41928-023-01069-w",
      "doi": "",
      "checked": "2026-08-17",
      "related": [
        "Brainoware",
        "Brain organoid reservoir computing for artificial intelligence"
      ]
    },
    {
      "title": "Nature Electronics 2026",
      "kind": "Peer reviewed",
      "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41928-026-01608-1",
      "doi": "",
      "checked": "2026-08-17",
      "related": [
        "3D-MIND",
        "A three-dimensional micro-instrumented neural network device"
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    },
    {
      "title": "Neuron 2022",
      "kind": "Peer reviewed",
      "url": "https://www.cell.com/neuron/fulltext/S0896-6273(22)00806-6",
      "doi": "",
      "checked": "2026-08-17",
      "related": [
        "DishBrain",
        "In vitro neurons learn and exhibit sentience when embodied in a simulated game-world",
        "Claim: Cultured neurons learned to play Pong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "title": "PNAS 2026",
      "kind": "Peer reviewed",
      "url": "https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2521560123",
      "doi": "10.1073/pnas.2521560123",
      "checked": "2026-08-17",
      "related": [
        "Temporal-pattern BNN",
        "Online supervised learning of temporal patterns in biological neural networks under feedback control"
      ]
    },
    {
      "title": "Shape-conformal porous frameworks for full coverage of neural organoids and high-resolution electrophysiology",
      "kind": "Peer reviewed",
      "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41551-026-01620-y",
      "doi": "10.1038/s41551-026-01620-y",
      "checked": "2026-08-17",
      "related": [
        "Shape-conformal porous frameworks for full coverage of neural organoids and high-resolution electrophysiology"
      ]
    },
    {
      "title": "Starting a Synthetic Biological Intelligence Lab from Scratch",
      "kind": "Peer reviewed",
      "url": "https://www.cell.com/patterns/fulltext/S2666-3899(25)00080-7",
      "doi": "",
      "checked": "2026-08-17",
      "related": [
        "Starting a Synthetic Biological Intelligence Lab from Scratch"
      ]
    },
    {
      "title": "Current biocomputers are conscious",
      "kind": "Peer-reviewed ethics/review article",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2023.1307613/full",
      "doi": "",
      "checked": "2026-08-17",
      "related": [
        "Claim: Current biocomputers are conscious"
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    },
    {
      "title": "Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence 2024",
      "kind": "Peer-reviewed platform",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2024.1376042/full",
      "doi": "",
      "checked": "2026-08-17",
      "related": [
        "FinalSpark Neuroplatform",
        "Open and remotely accessible Neuroplatform for research in wetware computing",
        "Claim: Researchers can run remote experiments on human neural organoids",
        "Claim: Biocomputers use dramatically less energy than silicon AI"
      ]
    },
    {
      "title": "Organoid intelligence (OI): the new frontier in biocomputing and intelligence-in-a-dish",
      "kind": "Perspective / framework",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/science/articles/10.3389/fsci.2023.1017235/full",
      "doi": "",
      "checked": "2026-08-17",
      "related": [
        "Organoid intelligence (OI): the new frontier in biocomputing and intelligence-in-a-dish"
      ]
    },
    {
      "title": "arXiv 2025",
      "kind": "Preprint",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.20850",
      "doi": "",
      "checked": "2026-08-17",
      "related": [
        "Braille organoid classifier",
        "Encoding Tactile Stimuli for Organoid Intelligence in Braille Recognition"
      ]
    },
    {
      "title": "Synthetic Biological Intelligence: System-Level Interaction Architectures, Interfaces, and Emerging Applications",
      "kind": "Preprint review",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.27933",
      "doi": "",
      "checked": "2026-08-17",
      "related": [
        "Synthetic Biological Intelligence: System-Level Interaction Architectures, Interfaces, and Emerging Applications"
      ]
    }
  ]
}