The source ledger combines the references used by the system database, research index and claims ledger. It is intended to make provenance inspectable and to expose records that need rechecking as the field changes.
| Source | Used for | DOI | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| A thermodynamically favoured molecular computerPeer-reviewed paper | DNA computing, Scaffolded DNA Computer, Molecular computing | 10.1038/s41586-026-10996-5 | Sourcechecked 2026-09-25 |
| Brain organoid computing for robotic decision-makingPreprint | Brainobot, Organoid intelligence, Robotics | 10.64898/2026.09.09.750426 | Sourcechecked 2026-09-25 |
| The Biological Computing Co. Partners with AWS to Bring World’s First Neuron-Derived AI Video Model to MarketCompany announcement | TBC Neural Optimizer, AWS collaboration, Neuron-derived software | — | Sourcechecked 2026-09-25 |
| Supervised learning in DNA neural networksPeer-reviewed paper | DNA computing, Molecular learning | 10.1038/s41586-025-09479-w | Sourcechecked 2026-09-25 |
| Heat-rechargeable computation in DNA logic circuits and neural networksPeer-reviewed paper | DNA computing, Reusable molecular circuits | 10.1038/s41586-025-09570-2 | Sourcechecked 2026-09-25 |
| A data centre rack running on living neurons is now operating in SingaporeIndependent technology coverage | Singapore biological data centre, CL1, energy | — | Sourcechecked 2026-08-24 |
| Cortical Labs CL1Commercial platform | CL1, Claim: CL1 can maintain neurons for up to six months | — | Sourcechecked 2026-08-17 |
| CL1 is the world's first code-deployable biological computerCompany claim | Claim: CL1 is the world's first code-deployable biological computer | — | Sourcechecked 2026-08-17 |
| A living-neuron computer played DoomCompany demonstration | Claim: A living-neuron computer played Doom | — | Sourcechecked 2026-08-17 |
| NeuroriumCompany demonstration | Neurorium BNN demonstrations | — | Sourcechecked 2026-08-17 |
| TBC public demoCompany demonstration | TBC Neural Optimizer | — | Sourcechecked 2026-08-17 |
| Advanced Science 2024Peer reviewed | Mind in Vitro platform, Mind In Vitro Platforms: Versatile, Scalable, Robust, and Open Solutions for Interfacing With In Vitro Neural Networks | — | Sourcechecked 2026-08-17 |
| Cell Reports 2026Peer reviewed | Goal-directed cart-pole organoids, Goal-directed learning in cortical organoids, Claim: Cortical organoids can improve on a goal-directed control task | — | Sourcechecked 2026-08-17 |
| Multilayered microelectrode array for monitoring electrophysiological signals of 3D neural networks in cerebral organoidPeer reviewed | Multilayered microelectrode array for monitoring electrophysiological signals of 3D neural networks in cerebral organoid | 10.1038/s41378-026-01328-8 | Sourcechecked 2026-08-17 |
| Nature Electronics 2023Peer reviewed | Brainoware, Brain organoid reservoir computing for artificial intelligence | — | Sourcechecked 2026-08-17 |
| Nature Electronics 2026Peer reviewed | 3D-MIND, A three-dimensional micro-instrumented neural network device | — | Sourcechecked 2026-08-17 |
| Neuron 2022Peer reviewed | DishBrain, In vitro neurons learn and exhibit sentience when embodied in a simulated game-world, Claim: Cultured neurons learned to play Pong | — | Sourcechecked 2026-08-17 |
| PNAS 2026Peer reviewed | Temporal-pattern BNN, Online supervised learning of temporal patterns in biological neural networks under feedback control | 10.1073/pnas.2521560123 | Sourcechecked 2026-08-17 |
| Shape-conformal porous frameworks for full coverage of neural organoids and high-resolution electrophysiologyPeer reviewed | Shape-conformal porous frameworks for full coverage of neural organoids and high-resolution electrophysiology | 10.1038/s41551-026-01620-y | Sourcechecked 2026-08-17 |
| Starting a Synthetic Biological Intelligence Lab from ScratchPeer reviewed | Starting a Synthetic Biological Intelligence Lab from Scratch | — | Sourcechecked 2026-08-17 |
| Current biocomputers are consciousPeer-reviewed ethics/review article | Claim: Current biocomputers are conscious | — | Sourcechecked 2026-08-17 |
| Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence 2024Peer-reviewed platform | FinalSpark Neuroplatform, Open and remotely accessible Neuroplatform for research in wetware computing, Claim: Researchers can run remote experiments on human neural organoids, Claim: Biocomputers use dramatically less energy than silicon AI | — | Sourcechecked 2026-08-17 |
| Organoid intelligence (OI): the new frontier in biocomputing and intelligence-in-a-dishPerspective / framework | Organoid intelligence (OI): the new frontier in biocomputing and intelligence-in-a-dish | — | Sourcechecked 2026-08-17 |
| Synthetic Biological Intelligence: System-Level Interaction Architectures, Interfaces, and Emerging ApplicationsPreprint review | Synthetic Biological Intelligence: System-Level Interaction Architectures, Interfaces, and Emerging Applications | — | Sourcechecked 2026-08-17 |
| Cortical Labs purchase routeCurrent provider page | CL1 purchase, Biocomputer access | — | Sourcechecked 2026-08-17 |
| Cortical CloudCurrent provider page | Cortical Cloud, Biocomputer cloud access | — | Sourcechecked 2026-08-17 |
| FinalSpark Neuroplatform plansCurrent provider page | FinalSpark access, Shared and dedicated organoid plans | — | Sourcechecked 2026-08-17 |
| Human Brain Cells on a Chip for SaleIndependent launch-price report | Historical CL1 launch price, Historical Cortical cloud price | — | Sourcechecked 2026-08-17 |
| Evaluating Encoding Strategies for Closed-Loop Classification in Biological Neural NetworksPreprint | Cortical Cloud, Encoding strategies | — | Sourcechecked 2026-08-17 |
| A cybernetic framework for synthetic biological intelligence in the era of neural tissue engineeringPeer-reviewed perspective | Synthetic biological intelligence, Cybernetics | 10.1038/s44335-026-00077-1 | Sourcechecked 2026-08-17 |
| Microelectrode Arrays Technology for Brain-on-a-Chip ApplicationsPeer-reviewed review | Neural interfaces, Brain-on-a-chip | 10.3390/bios16060305 | Sourcechecked 2026-08-17 |
| Ethical concerns about embodied brain organoids shaped by foundational distinctions and perceptions of consciousnessPeer-reviewed empirical ethics | Ethics, Public attitudes, Consciousness | 10.1038/s41598-026-43243-y | Sourcechecked 2026-08-17 |
| NUS Medicine, DayOne and Cortical Labs Unveil Biological Data Center Prototype in SingaporeOfficial institutional announcement | Biological Data Centre prototype, 20-unit CL1 rack, Cortical Labs, DayOne, NUS Medicine | — | Sourcechecked 2026-08-24 |
| Human brain organoids record the passage of time over multiple yearsPeer-reviewed paper | Organoid longevity, Substrate lifetime, Human cortical organoids | 10.1038/s41586-026-10877-x | Sourcechecked 2026-08-24 |
| Encoding Tactile Stimuli for Braille Recognition with OrganoidsPeer-reviewed paper | Braille organoid classifier, Tactile encoding, Organoid intelligence | 10.3389/frai.2026.1800219 | Sourcechecked 2026-08-24 |
| International Conference on Organoid Intelligence 2026Official conference site | Organoid intelligence, ICOI 2026, Field organisation | — | Sourcechecked 2026-08-24 |
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