11 systems
SystemOrganisationBiological substrateInterfaceDemonstrated useEvidence
CL1Checked 2026-08-17Cortical Labs2D neuronal cultureCustom silicon MEAProgrammable closed-loop experimentsCommercial platform
Goal-directed cart-pole organoidsChecked 2026-08-17UC Santa Cruz and collaborators3D cortical organoidsElectrophysiology + closed loopGoal-directed pole balancingPeer reviewed
Temporal-pattern BNNChecked 2026-08-17Tohoku University and collaborators2D modular cortical cultureMicrofluidics + high-density MEAAutonomous temporal-pattern generationPeer reviewed
BrainowareChecked 2026-08-17Indiana University and collaborators3D brain organoidHigh-density MEAReservoir computingPeer reviewed
FinalSpark NeuroplatformChecked 2026-08-17FinalSpark3D neural organoidsMEA + microfluidics + remote APIRemote wetware experimentsPeer-reviewed platform
DishBrainChecked 2026-08-17Cortical Labs and collaborators2D cortical neuronsHigh-density MEAClosed-loop PongPeer reviewed
Braille organoid classifierChecked 2026-08-17University of Bristol and collaborators3D forebrain organoidsLow-density MEATactile Braille classificationPreprint
3D-MINDChecked 2026-08-17Princeton University3D cultured neural network3D flexible electrode arrayReservoir computing + chronic stimulationPeer reviewed
Mind in Vitro platformChecked 2026-08-17University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign consortium2D cultured neural networksOpen modular electrophysiology platformProgrammable living-neuron researchPeer reviewed
TBC Neural OptimizerChecked 2026-08-17The Biological Computing Co.Living neural networks โ†’ softwareMEA experiments + software adapterVideo-model optimizationCompany demonstration
Neurorium BNN demonstrationsChecked 2026-08-17NeuroriumBiological neural networksElectrophysiology + softwareVisual memory, classification and control demosCompany demonstration

CL1

Cortical Labs

Substrate
2D neuronal culture
Interface
Custom silicon MEA
Use
Programmable closed-loop experiments
Evidence
Commercial platform

Source checked 2026-08-17

Goal-directed cart-pole organoids

UC Santa Cruz and collaborators

Substrate
3D cortical organoids
Interface
Electrophysiology + closed loop
Use
Goal-directed pole balancing
Evidence
Peer reviewed

Source checked 2026-08-17

Temporal-pattern BNN

Tohoku University and collaborators

Substrate
2D modular cortical culture
Interface
Microfluidics + high-density MEA
Use
Autonomous temporal-pattern generation
Evidence
Peer reviewed

Source checked 2026-08-17

Brainoware

Indiana University and collaborators

Substrate
3D brain organoid
Interface
High-density MEA
Use
Reservoir computing
Evidence
Peer reviewed

Source checked 2026-08-17

FinalSpark Neuroplatform

FinalSpark

Substrate
3D neural organoids
Interface
MEA + microfluidics + remote API
Use
Remote wetware experiments
Evidence
Peer-reviewed platform

Source checked 2026-08-17

DishBrain

Cortical Labs and collaborators

Substrate
2D cortical neurons
Interface
High-density MEA
Use
Closed-loop Pong
Evidence
Peer reviewed

Source checked 2026-08-17

Braille organoid classifier

University of Bristol and collaborators

Substrate
3D forebrain organoids
Interface
Low-density MEA
Use
Tactile Braille classification
Evidence
Preprint

Source checked 2026-08-17

3D-MIND

Princeton University

Substrate
3D cultured neural network
Interface
3D flexible electrode array
Use
Reservoir computing + chronic stimulation
Evidence
Peer reviewed

Source checked 2026-08-17

Mind in Vitro platform

University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign consortium

Substrate
2D cultured neural networks
Interface
Open modular electrophysiology platform
Use
Programmable living-neuron research
Evidence
Peer reviewed

Source checked 2026-08-17

TBC Neural Optimizer

The Biological Computing Co.

Substrate
Living neural networks โ†’ software
Interface
MEA experiments + software adapter
Use
Video-model optimization
Evidence
Company demonstration

Source checked 2026-08-17

Neurorium BNN demonstrations

Neurorium

Substrate
Biological neural networks
Interface
Electrophysiology + software
Use
Visual memory, classification and control demos
Evidence
Company demonstration

Source checked 2026-08-17

Evidence labels

Peer reviewed Published research. Replication and benchmark quality remain separate questions.

Preprint Public manuscript awaiting peer review.

Company demonstration Product or demonstration whose performance claims come primarily from the developer.