Primary papers and selected preprints behind the systems and claims tracked on this site.
Sono et al. · Peer reviewed
Closed-loop modular cortical cultures learned to generate periodic and chaotic temporal signals.
DOI 10.1073/pnas.2521560123
Liu et al. · Peer reviewed
A 3D organoid interface achieved near-complete surface coverage with 240 individually addressable microelectrodes.
DOI 10.1038/s41551-026-01620-y
Kim et al. · Peer reviewed
Stacked mesh MEAs recorded depth-dependent activity across cerebral organoids for more than four weeks.
DOI 10.1038/s41378-026-01328-8
Robbins et al. · Peer reviewed
Closed-loop cart-pole experiments with feedback-driven plasticity.
Mritunjay, Sturm & Fu · Peer reviewed
3D flexible interface with chronic recording, stimulation and reservoir-computing experiments.
Schottlender et al. · Preprint review
Systems-engineering survey of interfaces, encoding, decoding, feedback and benchmarking.
Liu, Philamore & Ward-Cherrier · Preprint
Open-loop tactile encoding and classification with human forebrain organoids.
Tanveer et al. · Peer reviewed
Practical overview of the multidisciplinary requirements for SBI experiments.
Jordan et al. · Peer reviewed
Architecture and operation of FinalSpark’s remotely accessible organoid platform.
Zhang et al. · Peer reviewed
Open platform work aimed at reproducible living-neuron computing research.
Cai et al. · Peer reviewed
Brainoware reservoir-computing experiments.
Smirnova et al. · Perspective / framework
Field-defining organoid-intelligence framework and embedded-ethics proposal.
Kagan et al. · Peer reviewed
DishBrain closed-loop Pong experiments.