Cortical Labs
- Year
- 2025
- Substrate
- 2D neuronal culture
- Species / cells
- Cultured neurons
- Interface
- Custom silicon MEA
- Task
- Programmable closed-loop experiments
- Evidence
- Commercial platform
- Access
- Device + cloud
- Status
- Available
Self-contained neuron-on-silicon platform with recording, stimulation, life support and a developer API.
Primary / official source →
UC Santa Cruz and collaborators
- Year
- 2026
- Substrate
- 3D cortical organoids
- Species / cells
- Mouse
- Interface
- Electrophysiology + closed loop
- Task
- Goal-directed pole balancing
- Evidence
- Peer reviewed
- Access
- Research
- Status
- Published
Feedback-driven training improved performance relative to random stimulation in a virtual cart-pole task.
Primary / official source →
Tohoku University and collaborators
- Year
- 2026
- Substrate
- 2D modular cortical culture
- Species / cells
- Cultured cortical neurons
- Interface
- Microfluidics + high-density MEA
- Task
- Autonomous temporal-pattern generation
- Evidence
- Peer reviewed
- Access
- Research
- Status
- Published
A closed-loop biological neural network trained with a linear decoder generated periodic and chaotic temporal signals autonomously.
Primary / official source →
Indiana University and collaborators
- Year
- 2023
- Substrate
- 3D brain organoid
- Species / cells
- Human iPSC-derived
- Interface
- High-density MEA
- Task
- Reservoir computing
- Evidence
- Peer reviewed
- Access
- Research
- Status
- Published
Brain organoid used as an adaptive reservoir for speech recognition and nonlinear equation prediction.
Primary / official source →
FinalSpark
- Year
- 2024
- Substrate
- 3D neural organoids
- Species / cells
- Human iPSC-derived
- Interface
- MEA + microfluidics + remote API
- Task
- Remote wetware experiments
- Evidence
- Peer-reviewed platform
- Access
- Remote
- Status
- Operating
Remotely accessible platform for long-running stimulation, recording and closed-loop experiments on neural organoids.
Primary / official source →
Cortical Labs and collaborators
- Year
- 2022
- Substrate
- 2D cortical neurons
- Species / cells
- Human and mouse cultures
- Interface
- High-density MEA
- Task
- Closed-loop Pong
- Evidence
- Peer reviewed
- Access
- Research
- Status
- Published
Cultured cortical neurons coupled to a simulated Pong environment through structured electrical feedback.
Primary / official source →
University of Bristol and collaborators
- Year
- 2025
- Substrate
- 3D forebrain organoids
- Species / cells
- Human
- Interface
- Low-density MEA
- Task
- Tactile Braille classification
- Evidence
- Preprint
- Access
- Research
- Status
- Preprint
Tactile sensor events were encoded as electrical stimulation; a three-organoid ensemble reached higher classification accuracy than a single organoid.
Primary / official source →
Princeton University
- Year
- 2026
- Substrate
- 3D cultured neural network
- Species / cells
- Rat hippocampal neurons
- Interface
- 3D flexible electrode array
- Task
- Reservoir computing + chronic stimulation
- Evidence
- Peer reviewed
- Access
- Research
- Status
- Published
A flexible three-dimensional electronic scaffold records and stimulates neural activity across multiple planes for months.
Primary / official source →
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign consortium
- Year
- 2024
- Substrate
- 2D cultured neural networks
- Species / cells
- Cultured neurons
- Interface
- Open modular electrophysiology platform
- Task
- Programmable living-neuron research
- Evidence
- Peer reviewed
- Access
- Research platform
- Status
- Active programme
Open, modular hardware and software developed to make in-vitro neural computing experiments more reproducible and scalable.
Primary / official source →
The Biological Computing Co.
- Year
- 2026
- Substrate
- Living neural networks → software
- Species / cells
- Living neurons
- Interface
- MEA experiments + software adapter
- Task
- Video-model optimization
- Evidence
- Company demonstration
- Access
- Public demo / early access
- Status
- Public proof of concept
TBC studies living neural dynamics and translates selected principles into a software adapter for an interactive video model.
Primary / official source →
Neurorium
- Year
- 2026
- Substrate
- Biological neural networks
- Species / cells
- Cultured neural networks
- Interface
- Electrophysiology + software
- Task
- Visual memory, classification and control demos
- Evidence
- Company demonstration
- Access
- Development
- Status
- Startup demonstrations
Berlin startup demonstrating short-term visual-memory reconstruction, image classification and simple control tasks with biological neural networks.
Primary / official source →